Jsou to slova, která spojují jednotlivé větné členy nebo věty.
- spojují slova, skupiny slov nebo věty, které jsou na sobě navzájem nezávislé
- stojí mezi slovy nebo větami, které spojují
- některé tyto spojky stojí na začátku věty
SLUČOVACÍ |
and |
a |
John and Mary are here. Come and have a drink. |
as well as |
i, také, jakož i |
I as well as you know that. |
both ... and |
i ... i, jak-tak |
It is both good and cheap. |
ODPOROVACÍ |
but |
ale |
He is ill but he doesn’t complain. |
although, though |
ačkoliv, přestože |
I drank the beer although I didn’t want it. |
yet |
avšak, ale, no, stejně |
These books are cheap yet good. |
still |
avšak, přece, no přece |
Still, you ought to help them. |
however |
ale, přece, avšak |
Later, however, she made up her mind to go. |
nevertheless |
stejně, a přece, i tak |
It was dark. Nevertheless, she found the way. |
VYLUČOVACÍ |
or |
nebo |
Are you sad or happy? You can go right or left. |
either ... or |
buď ... anebo |
Either tell the truth or say nothing. |
neither ... nor |
ani ... ani |
It is neither green nor blue. |
PŘÍČINNÉ |
nor |
ani |
He won’t help her. Nor will I. |
for |
protože |
You have to take at least three books a year, for that is how the club works. |
DŮSLEDKOVÉ |
so, thus |
tak, nuže, proto |
I have just ordered three books, so I’ll be easy. |
therefore |
proto, a tak, tedy |
There has been heavy rain. The ground is therefore very damp. |
Spojují vedlejší a hlavní větu. Stojí na začátku vedlejší věty.
OBSAHOVÉ |
that |
že |
I know that he is very clever. |
whether |
jestli, zda, zdali |
Ask him whether it is time to go. |
ČASOVÉ |
when |
když, až |
When I come back, I will go to church. |
till, until |
dokud |
Let’s wait till the rain stops. |
after |
(potom) když; poté, co ... |
It always rains after I’ve cleaned the windows. |
before |
než; dříve, než ... |
Have some tea before you go. |
since |
od té doby, co ... |
I haven’t seen her since she left. |
as soon as |
jen co, jakmile |
I’ll come as soon as I finish working. |
no sooner ... than |
sotvaže |
Eve had no sooner sat down than the bell rang. |
while |
zatímco, dokud |
Please be quiet while I am talking to you. |
as |
když |
I saw him as he was getting off the bus. |
as long as |
pokud, dokud |
You can stay as long as you like. |
MÍSTNÍ |
where |
kde, kam |
There are many lakes where I live. |
wherever |
kdekoli, kamkoli |
Wherever you go, you’ll find him. |
PŘÍPUSTKOVÉ |
although, though |
ačkoli, i když, třebas i |
Though he is small, he is very strong. |
in spite of the fact that |
přestože, ačkoliv |
In spite of the fact that he is young, he is very rich. |
PŘÍČINNÉ |
as |
protože, jelikož |
As you are tired, you’d better take a rest. |
because |
protože, poněvadž |
I drink because I am thirsty. |
since |
protože, jelikož |
Since we have a lot of work, it’s better to start early. |
PODMÍNKOVÉ |
if |
jestliže, kdyby, zdali, -li |
If she comes, I will tell you. |
unless |
když ne, kdyby ne |
I will leave at four unless they phone me. |
provided that |
pod podmínkou, že ... |
They will lend it to me provided that I return it on time. |
supposing that |
za předpokladu, že ... |
Supposing white were black you would be right. |
ÚČELOVÉ |
that, in order to |
aby |
We’ll mail all the information in order to save some time. |
so that |
aby |
I wrote it to him so that he could know it. |
ZPŮSOBOVÉ |
as |
jak, tak jako |
She doesn’t speak as other teachers do. |
as if (as though) |
jako by, jako kdyby |
She behaved as if nothing had happened. |
so ... that |
tak, že |
It was so heavy that he could not move it. |
such ... that |
takový, že |
It was such a boring speech that I fell asleep. |
SROVNÁVACÍ |
as ... as |
tak ... jako |
He likes me as much as I like him. |
not as (not so) ... as |
ne tak ... jako |
It was not so far as we expected. |
than |
než, jako |
John speaks French more fluently than Peter does. |