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Spojky (Conjuctions)

Jsou to slova, která spojují jednotlivé větné členy nebo věty.

Souřadící spojky (Coordinating Conjuctions)

- spojují slova, skupiny slov nebo věty, které jsou na sobě navzájem nezávislé
- stojí mezi slovy nebo větami, které spojují
- některé tyto spojky stojí na začátku věty
SLUČOVACÍ and a John and Mary are here. Come and have a drink.
as well as i, také, jakož i I as well as you know that.
both ... and i ... i, jak-tak It is both good and cheap.
ODPOROVACÍ but ale He is ill but he doesn’t complain.
although, though ačkoliv, přestože I drank the beer although I didn’t want it.
yet avšak, ale, no, stejně These books are cheap yet good.
still avšak, přece, no přece Still, you ought to help them.
however ale, přece, avšak Later, however, she made up her mind to go.
nevertheless stejně, a přece, i tak It was dark. Nevertheless, she found the way.
VYLUČOVACÍ or nebo Are you sad or happy? You can go right or left.
either ... or buď ... anebo Either tell the truth or say nothing.
neither ... nor ani ... ani It is neither green nor blue.
PŘÍČINNÉ nor ani He won’t help her. Nor will I.
for protože You have to take at least three books a year, for that is how the club works.
DŮSLEDKOVÉ so, thus tak, nuže, proto I have just ordered three books, so I’ll be easy.
therefore proto, a tak, tedy There has been heavy rain. The ground is therefore very damp.

Podřadící spojky (Subordinating Conjuctions)

Spojují vedlejší a hlavní větu. Stojí na začátku vedlejší věty.
OBSAHOVÉ that že I know that he is very clever.
whether jestli, zda, zdali Ask him whether it is time to go.
ČASOVÉ when když, až When I come back, I will go to church.
till, until dokud Let’s wait till the rain stops.
after (potom) když; poté, co ... It always rains after I’ve cleaned the windows.
before než; dříve, než ... Have some tea before you go.
since od té doby, co ... I haven’t seen her since she left.
as soon as jen co, jakmile I’ll come as soon as I finish working.
no sooner ... than sotvaže Eve had no sooner sat down than the bell rang.
while zatímco, dokud Please be quiet while I am talking to you.
as když I saw him as he was getting off the bus.
as long as pokud, dokud You can stay as long as you like.
MÍSTNÍ where kde, kam There are many lakes where I live.
wherever kdekoli, kamkoli Wherever you go, you’ll find him.
PŘÍPUSTKOVÉ although, though ačkoli, i když, třebas i Though he is small, he is very strong.
in spite of the fact that přestože, ačkoliv In spite of the fact that he is young, he is very rich.
PŘÍČINNÉ as protože, jelikož As you are tired, you’d better take a rest.
because protože, poněvadž I drink because I am thirsty.
since protože, jelikož Since we have a lot of work, it’s better to start early.
PODMÍNKOVÉ if jestliže, kdyby, zdali, -li If she comes, I will tell you.
unless když ne, kdyby ne I will leave at four unless they phone me.
provided that pod podmínkou, že ... They will lend it to me provided that I return it on time.
supposing that za předpokladu, že ... Supposing white were black you would be right.
ÚČELOVÉ that, in order to aby We’ll mail all the information in order to save some time.
so that aby I wrote it to him so that he could know it.
ZPŮSOBOVÉ as jak, tak jako She doesn’t speak as other teachers do.
as if (as though) jako by, jako kdyby She behaved as if nothing had happened.
so ... that tak, že It was so heavy that he could not move it.
such ... that takový, že It was such a boring speech that I fell asleep.
SROVNÁVACÍ as ... as tak ... jako He likes me as much as I like him.
not as (not so) ... as ne tak ... jako It was not so far as we expected.
than než, jako John speaks French more fluently than Peter does.
2008/2009 Veronika Lipusová
Dlouhodobá maturitní práce na téma: Přehled anglické gramatiky střední školy