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Nepřímá řeč (Reported Speech)

Nepřímá řeč je reprodukcí přímé řeči nebo přímé otázky po slovesech SAY, TELL, ASK, ANSWER, DECIDE, REPLY, ANNOUNCE, REPORT, WRITE, READ, WANT TO KNOW, KNOW, LEARN, FEEL, THINK, PROMISE, BELIEVE, REMEMBER, HEAR, FORGET, nebo spojení BE GLAD THAT, BE SURE THAT atp.

Vedlejší věta se připojí k řídící větě spojkou THAT = ŽE, kterou však můžeme i vynechat.

Pokud je v hlavní větě sloveso v MINULÉM ČASE, dochází k posunu času ve větě vedlejší, a to následovně.

Přítomný čas prostý Minulý čas prostý
"I like pizza." He said that he liked pizza.
"I am very happy." He said he was very happy.
"I get up at six." He said he got up at six.
"I don't like this." He said he didn't like it.
"I have to go." He said he had to go.
 
Přítomný čas průběhový Minulý čas průběhový
"I'm waiting for you." He said that he was waiting for me.
"It's raining." He said that it was raining.
"They aren't listening." He said that they weren't listening.
 
Předpřítomný čas Předminulý čas
"I've seen it twice." He said that he had seen it twice.
"She hasn't told me." He said that she hadn't told him.
"I've never been there." He said that he'd never been there.
 
Předpřítomný průběhový Předminulý průběhový
"I've been waiting for 2 hours." He said that he had been waiting for 2 hours.
"She's been painting." He said that she had been painting.
"I haven't been listening to you." He said that he hadn't been listening to me.
 
Minulý čas prostý Předminulý čas prostý
"I liked pizza." He said that he had liked pizza.
"I was very happy." He said he had been very happy.
"I got up at six." He said he had got up at six.
"I didn't like it." He said he hadn't liked it.
"I had to go." He said he had had to go.
 
Minulý čas průběhový Předminulý průběhový
"I was waiting for you." He said that he had been waiting for me.
"It was raining." He said that it had been raining.
"They weren't listening." He said that they hadn't been listening.
 
Předminulý čas Nemění se!
"I had seen it twice." He said that he had seen it twice.
 
Budoucnost s 'WILL' WOULD
"I will help you." He said that he would help me.
"She'll pay for that!" He said that she would pay for that.
"I won't do it." He said he wouldn't do it.
"At 8, she'll be watching a movie." He said that she would be watching a movie at 8.
"It will have started by then." He said that it would have started by then.
 
BE GOING TO WAS/WERE GOING TO
"I'm going to watch TV." He said that he was going to watch TV.
"I'm not going to study tonight." He said that he wasn't going to study that night.
 
CAN, MAY, WILL, SHALL COULD, MIGHT, WOULD, SHOULD
"I can ski quite well." He said that he could ski quite well.
"You can't do it." He said that I couldn't do it.
"I may do it." He said he might do it.
"That'll be John." He said that it would be John.
"You shall never regret that." He said that I should never regret that.
 
MUST, NEEDN'T většinou se nepřevádí
lze převést na HAD TO, DIDN'T HAVE TO
"You must help me!" He said that I must / had to help him.
"I needn't go there." He said that he didn't have to go there.
 
Minulá modální slovesa Nemění se!
"I would do it for you." He said that he would do it for me.
"I might come and help you." He said that he might come and help me.
"She must have gone there." He said that she must have gone there.
"You can't have seen me there." He said that I can't have seen him there.
"You needn't have taken so much money." He said that I needn't have taken so much money.

Další změny

Příslovečná určení

NOW THEN, AT THAT MOMENT
"I want to do it now." He said that he wanted to do it at that moment.
"I don't know it now." He said he didn't know it then.
 
TODAY, THIS MONTH... THAT DAY, THAT MONTH
"I've seen her today." He said that he had seen her that day.
"I like the weather this year." He said that he liked the weather that year.
 
YESTERDAY, LAST YEAR THE DAY BEFORE, THE PREVIOUS....
"I saw you yesterday." He said that he had seen me the day before.
"Last year was very bad." He said that the previous year had been very bad.
 
TOMORROW, NEXT MONTH THE FOLLOWING DAY....
"I'll do it tomorrow." He said that he would do it the following day.
"I'll go there next summer." He said that he would go there the following summer.
 
AGO BEFORE
"I finished it two days ago." He said that he had finished it two days before.
 
SINCE FROM
"I have been waiting here since two o'clock." He said that he had been waiting there from 2 o'clock.
 
HERE THERE
"There's nobody here." He said that there was nobody there.

ROZKAZ NEBO ŽÁDOST se v nepřímé řeči uvádí slovesy TELL (říct), ASK (požádat), ORDER (nařídit). Rozkazovací způsob přímé řečí se mění na přítomný infinitiv.

Father told him: "Help John." Father told him to help John.
They asked us: "Stay here." They asked us to stay there.
He ordered me: "Don't do it." He ordered me not to do it.
She told me: "Come soon." She told me to come soon.
The teacher told us: "Open your textbooks." The teacher told us to open our textbooks.
2008/2009 Veronika Lipusová
Dlouhodobá maturitní práce na téma: Přehled anglické gramatiky střední školy